Propagation Delay Calculator – Signal Travel Time

Calculate signal propagation delay from distance and transmission medium.

About This Calculator

Calculate signal propagation delay from distance and transmission medium. Use the calculator above for instant results.

Worked Examples

Example 1: 1000 km via fiber

  • 1000 / 200,000 × 1000 = 5 ms one-way | 10 ms RTT

Answer: 5ms / 10ms RTT

Example 2: GEO satellite (35,786 km)

  • 35,786×2 / 300,000 = 238 ms one-way | 477 ms RTT

Answer: 238ms / 477ms RTT

Example 3: NY to London 5,570 km fiber

  • 5,570 / 200,000 = 27.85 ms one-way (real: ~70ms due to routing)

Answer: ~28ms one-way

Who Uses This Calculator?

🔧
Network Engineers

Minimum latency calculation.

💻
Telecom

Long-haul network planning.

📊
CS Students

Networking course study.

🏫
CS Teachers

Speed of light in networking.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

❌ Real latency > propagation

Actual RTT adds routing, queueing, and processing. Propagation is the physical minimum.

❌ Speed of light is the limit

No signal can beat propagation delay. Distance is always latency.

Frequently Asked Questions

Speed in fiber?

~200,000 km/s (2/3 of c). Light slows in glass due to refractive index.

Transatlantic minimum?

NY to London: ~28ms propagation. Real: 70-80ms. Gap = routing overhead.

LEO vs GEO satellites?

Starlink at 550km: 20-50ms. GEO at 35,786km: 600+ms. LEO is a game changer for rural internet.