Partial Derivative and Gradient Calculator

Compute partial derivatives and the gradient vector for a two-variable quadratic function at a selected point.

Multivariable CalculusGradientCollege Math

Calculate

Function form: f(x,y)=Ax² + By² + Cxy + Dx + Ey + F

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B
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Point x
Point y
Please enter valid values.

What this calculator teaches

A partial derivative measures how a multivariable function changes when one variable changes and the other variables are held constant.

The gradient collects all first partial derivatives into a vector. It points in the direction of fastest increase.

Formula & Symbols

ConceptFormulaMeaning
Partial with respect to xf_x = 2Ax + Cy + DTreat y as constant.
Partial with respect to yf_y = 2By + Cx + ETreat x as constant.
Gradient∇f = <f_x, f_y>Vector of first partial derivatives.

Step-by-Step Examples

Example 1
Quadratic surface
  • Let f = 2x² + 3y² + 4xy + x - 2y.
  • fₓ = 4x + 4y + 1.
  • fᵧ = 6y + 4x - 2.
  • At (1,2), fₓ = 13 and fᵧ = 14.
✓ ∇f(1,2)=<13,14>.

Where students use this

🎓
High school and college
Use the tool to check homework and understand each step.
📊
Data and modeling
Connect formulas to tables, graphs, and real values.
🧪
Science and engineering
Use math results inside physics, chemistry, and engineering problems.
💻
Computer science
Apply the same logic to algorithms, systems, and numerical work.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

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Differentiating both variables at once

For fₓ, y is treated as a constant. For fᵧ, x is treated as a constant.

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Forgetting the cross term

The derivative of Cxy with respect to x is Cy, and with respect to y is Cx.

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Confusing gradient with slope

Gradient is a vector, not a single number, when the function has more than one input.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a partial derivative?
It is a derivative taken with respect to one variable while holding other variables constant.
What does the gradient mean?
The gradient points in the direction where the function increases fastest.
Is this for 3D surfaces?
Yes, a two-variable function z=f(x,y) can represent a surface in 3D.
Can the gradient be zero?
Yes. A zero gradient may indicate a critical point.

Related Math Calculators

Formula Explorer connections

Interpretation: This formula measures limiting behavior, instantaneous change, accumulation or multivariable variation. Assumption: The function must satisfy the continuity or differentiability conditions required by the method. Check domains, bounds, orientation and singularities.

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