Partial Derivative and Gradient Calculator

Compute partial derivatives and the gradient vector for a two-variable quadratic function at a selected point.

Multivariable CalculusGradientCollege Math

Calculate

Function form: f(x,y)=Ax² + By² + Cxy + Dx + Ey + F

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B
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Point x
Point y
Please enter valid values.

What this calculator teaches

A partial derivative measures how a multivariable function changes when one variable changes and the other variables are held constant.

The gradient collects all first partial derivatives into a vector. It points in the direction of fastest increase.

Formula & Symbols

ConceptFormulaMeaning
Partial with respect to xf_x = 2Ax + Cy + DTreat y as constant.
Partial with respect to yf_y = 2By + Cx + ETreat x as constant.
Gradient∇f = <f_x, f_y>Vector of first partial derivatives.

Step-by-Step Examples

Example 1
Quadratic surface
  • Let f = 2x² + 3y² + 4xy + x - 2y.
  • fₓ = 4x + 4y + 1.
  • fᵧ = 6y + 4x - 2.
  • At (1,2), fₓ = 13 and fᵧ = 14.
✓ ∇f(1,2)=<13,14>.

Where students use this

🎓
High school and college
Use the tool to check homework and understand each step.
📊
Data and modeling
Connect formulas to tables, graphs, and real values.
🧪
Science and engineering
Use math results inside physics, chemistry, and engineering problems.
💻
Computer science
Apply the same logic to algorithms, systems, and numerical work.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

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Differentiating both variables at once

For fₓ, y is treated as a constant. For fᵧ, x is treated as a constant.

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Forgetting the cross term

The derivative of Cxy with respect to x is Cy, and with respect to y is Cx.

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Confusing gradient with slope

Gradient is a vector, not a single number, when the function has more than one input.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a partial derivative? ▾
It is a derivative taken with respect to one variable while holding other variables constant.
What does the gradient mean? ▾
The gradient points in the direction where the function increases fastest.
Is this for 3D surfaces? ▾
Yes, a two-variable function z=f(x,y) can represent a surface in 3D.
Can the gradient be zero? ▾
Yes. A zero gradient may indicate a critical point.

Related Math Calculators

Formula Explorer connections

Interpretation: This formula measures limiting behavior, instantaneous change, accumulation or multivariable variation. Assumption: The function must satisfy the continuity or differentiability conditions required by the method. Check domains, bounds, orientation and singularities.

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